You Searched For: Quinoxaline-2,3-diamine

Description: Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), EIF2B, CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC, AXIN1, DPYSL2/CRMP2, JUN, NFATC1/NFATC, MAPT/TAU and MACF1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. In skeletal muscle, contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. Regulates protein synthesis by controlling the activity of initiation factor 2B (EIF2BE/EIF2B5) in the same manner as glycogen synthase. In Wnt signaling, GSK3B forms a multimeric complex with APC, AXIN1 and CTNNB1/beta-catenin and phosphorylates the N-terminus of CTNNB1 leading to its degradation mediated by ubiquitin/proteasomes. Phosphorylates JUN at sites proximal to its DNA-binding domain, thereby reducing its affinity for DNA. Phosphorylates NFATC1/NFATC on conserved serine residues promoting NFATC1/NFATC nuclear export, shutting off NFATC1/NFATC gene regulation, and thereby opposing the action of calcineurin. Phosphorylates MAPT/TAU on 'Thr-548', decreasing significantly MAPT/TAU ability to bind and stabilize microtubules. MAPT/TAU is the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease. Plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. Phosphorylates MACF1, inhibiting its binding to microtubules which is critical for its role in bulge stem cell migration and skin wound repair. Probably regulates NF-kappa-B (NFKB1) at the transcriptional level and is required for the NF-kappa-B-mediated anti-apoptotic response to TNF-alpha (TNF/TNFA).

Catalog Number: BOSSBS-5368R

UOM: 1 * 100 µl

Supplier: Bioss

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Description: Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7) is a member of the FGF family, and acts exclusively through a subset of FGF receptor isoforms expressed predominantly by epithelial cells (Finch and Rubin). FGF-7 seems to act specifically on epithelial cells and stimulates proliferation, migration, and differentiation of these cells, and also participates in epithelial protection and repair both in vitro and <i>in vivo</i> (Finch and Rubin; Werner). In contrast, FGF-7 is produced solely by cells of mesenchymal origin, and functions as a paracrine mediator of mesenchymal-epithelial communication (Rubin <i>et al.</i>). FGF-7 has also been shown to supplement several wound-healing properties of bioengineered skin (Erdag <i>et al.</i>) and to induce autophagy in human keratinocytes (Belleudi <i>et al.</i>). Additionally, FGF-7 has a role in pluripotent stem cell differentiation to endodermal pancreatic-like insulin-producing cells and thymic epithelial cells (Inami <i>et al.</i>; Niu <i>et al.</i>).

Catalog Number: STMC78046.2

UOM: 1 * 1.000 µG

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

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Description: Insulin-growth factor-like gene family is a new family of proteins consisting of four proteins in humans (IGFL1 to 4) and one in mice (mIGFL). mIGFL is expressed in normal skin in mice and further upregulated during inflammation responses in skin or after skin wounding. In human only IGFL1 expression is increased in psoriatic skin samples. mIGFL and human IGFL1 and 3 interact with specificity and high affinity to a novel receptor named IGF-like family receptor 1 (formerly TMEM-149). Analysis of the amino acid sequence of IGFLR1 indicated that this receptor is likely a novel member of the TNF-R family. IGFLR1 is expressed most abundantly on mouse T cells, suggesting that mIGFL and IGFL1 produced in the skin may potentially exert regulatory functions on T cell responses.

Catalog Number: PRSI90-275

UOM: 1 * 10 µG

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

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Description: Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) is a secreted, evolutionarily conserved collagen-binding glycoprotein and belongs to the SPARC family. SPARC has 286 amino acids and contains an EF-hand in C-termina domain, a follistatin-like domain with Kazal-like sequences. There are two calcium binding sites, one binds 5 - 8 Ca2+ with a low affinity and other on an EF-hand loop that binds a Ca2+ ion with a high affinity. It is highly expressed in tissues undergoing morphogenesis, remodeling and wound repair. SPARC regulate cell growth through interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cytokines. SPARC bind to numerous proteins of the ECM, affect ECM protein expression, influence cellular adhesion and migration, and modulate growth factor-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis. SPARC also binds several types of collagen, albumin, thrombospondin, PDGF and cell membranes.

Catalog Number: PRSI91-355

UOM: 1 * 50 µG

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

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Description: Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 3 is a member of the TGF-β superfamily and regulates diverse cellular phenotypes. TGF-beta 3 binds to serine-threonine kinase type I and II receptors and activates signal transduction through SMAD2/3 proteins, thus regulating a variety of functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, apoptosis, and metabolism (Massagué; McDowell <i>et al.</i>). TGF-beta 3 enhances glycosaminoglycan production by mesenchymal stromal cells, stimulates scar-free healing, and improves glucose tolerance and phenotypic changes in adipocyte morphology (Hall <i>et al.</i>; Holton <i>et al.</i>). TGF-beta 3 induces proliferation of posterofrontal suture-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, and stimulates expression of fibroblast growth factors 2 and 18 (James <i>et al.</i>). This product is animal component-free.

Catalog Number: STMC78156.1

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

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Description: Progranulin (PGRN) is a widely expressed pluripotent growth factor which plays a role in processes such as development, wound repair and inflammation by activating signaling cascades that control cell cycle progression and cell motility. Its function in the central nervous system is of interest, as mutations in the PGRN gene were found in cases of frontotemporal degeneration (FTLD). In addition, PGRN has also been linked to tumorigenesis. Progranulin is a biomarker for FTLD, other types of Alzheimer‘s Disease (AD) and potentially for MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment). Additionally, PGRN is described as a new ligand of TNF receptors and a potential therapeutic against inflammatory disease like arthritis.

Catalog Number: PRSI90-210

UOM: 1 * 10 µG

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

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Description: This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognises subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This mAb recognises the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This mAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Double Stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds DNA) is the genetic material of all cells and many viruses and is a polymer of nucleotides. The monomer consists of phosphorylated 2-deoxyribose N-glycosidically linked to one of four bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine. These are linked together by 3',5'-phosphodiester bridges. In the Watson-Crick double-helix model, two complementary strands are wound in a right-handed helix and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.

Catalog Number: PRSI33-542

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

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Description: Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HBEGF) is a member of the EGF family (Nishi and Klagsbrun). HBEGF promotes blastocyst adhesion to the uterine wall (Iwamoto and Mekada). It also plays a role in smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and brain injury (Nishi and Klagsburn). HBEGF produced by CD4+ T cells promotes wound healing by stimulating migration and proliferation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells (Blotnick <i>et al.</i>). It binds to EGFR, ErbB4, ErbB2, and ErbB3, activating the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade (Iwamoto and Mekada). HBEGF is produced in a variety of cells, where it contributes to physiological and pathological processes. HBEGF is overexpressed in ovarian, breast, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers, which likely contributes to pathogenesis (Miyata <i>et al.</i>). This product is animal component-free.

Catalog Number: STMC78191.2

UOM: 1 * 1.000 µG

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

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Description: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4(FGFR4) is also known as CD334, JTK2, hydroxyaryl-protein kinase, TKF, protein-tyrosine kinase . The FGFR4 gene provides instructions for making a protein called fibroblast growth factor receptor 4. This protein is part of a family of fibroblast growth factor receptors that share similar structures and functions. These receptor proteins play a role in important processes such as cell division, regulating cell growth and maturation, formation of blood vessels, wound healing, and embryo development.The FGFR4 protein interacts with specific growth factors to conduct signals from the environment outside the cell to the nucleus. The nucleus responds to these signals by switching on or off appropriate genes that help the cell adjust to changes in the environment. In response, the cell might divide, move, or mature to take on specialized functions. Although specific functions of FGFR4 remain unclear, studies indicate that the gene is involved in muscle development and the maturation of bone cells in the skull. The FGFR4 gene may also play a role in the development and maintenance of specialized cells (called foveal cones) in the light-sensitive layer (the retina) at the back of the eye.

Catalog Number: PRSI96-317

UOM: 1 * 200 µG

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

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Description: This mAb stains the cytoplasm of macrophages and histiocytes in hematopoietic organs, Kupffer's cells of the liver and Langerhan's cells of the skin. It also stains the mantle zone B-lymphocytes of the lymph node and spleen, spermatogonia, and chief cells of the stomach. S100A9 is expressed by macrophages in acutely inflamed tissues and in chronic inflammation. It is detected in peripheral blood leukocytes, in neutrophils and granulocytes. It is present at sites of vascular inflammation. S100A9 is also expressed in epithelial cells constitutively or induced during dermatoses. S100A9 is a Calcium-binding protein. It has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi. It is important for resistance to invasion by pathogenic bacteria. It up-regulates transcription of genes that are under the control of NF-kappa-B. S100A9 plays a role in the development of endotoxic shock in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It promotes tubulin polymerization when unphosphorylated. It also promotes phagocyte migration and infiltration of granulocytes at sites of wounding. It plays a role as a pro-inflammatory mediator in acute and chronic inflammation and up-regulates the release of IL8 and cell-surface expression of ICAM1.

Catalog Number: PRSI33-462

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

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Description: Progranulin (PGRN) is a widely expressed pluripotent growth factor which plays a role in processes such as development, wound repair and inflammation by activating signaling cascades that control cell cycle progression and cell motility. Its function in the central nervous system is of interest, as mutations in the PGRN gene were found in cases of frontotemporal degeneration (FTLD). In addition, PGRN has also been linked to tumorigenesis. Progranulin is a biomarker for FTLD, other types of Alzheimer‘s Disease (AD) and potentially for MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment). Additionally, PGRN is described as a new ligand of TNF receptors and a potential therapeutic against inflammatory disease like arthritis.

Catalog Number: PRSI36-314

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

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Description: Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 3 is a member of the TGF-β superfamily and regulates diverse cellular phenotypes. TGF-beta 3 binds to serine-threonine kinase type I and II receptors and activates signal transduction through SMAD2/3 proteins, thus regulating a variety of functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, apoptosis, and metabolism (Massagué; McDowell <i>et al.</i>). TGF-beta 3 enhances glycosaminoglycan production by mesenchymal stromal cells, stimulates scar-free healing, and improves glucose tolerance and phenotypic changes in adipocyte morphology (Hall <i>et al.</i>; Holton <i>et al.</i>). TGF-beta 3 induces proliferation of posterofrontal suture-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, and stimulates expression of fibroblast growth factors 2 and 18 (James <i>et al.</i>).

Catalog Number: STMC78131.1

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

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Description: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a low-molecular weight mitogenic protein that stimulates proliferation of a wide variety of cell types <i>in vitro</i>. EGF can also be used for receptor, gene expression, wound healing studies, and to culture cells in reduced-serum or serum-free culture systems.

Catalog Number: 734-1309

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

Supplier: Corning

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Description: Heregulin-beta 1 also known as neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of growth factors and acts as a ligand for ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases (Britsch <i>et al.</i>). Heregulin/neuregulin is a family of structurally related polypeptide growth factors derived from alternatively spliced genes (NRG1, NRG2, NRG3, and NRG4). Heregulin-beta 1 plays an important role during the development of the nervous system, heart, and mammary glands (Britsch). Heregulin-beta 1 is expressed in neuronal cells, and modulates cell growth and differentiation of the cells during development and wound healing (Mei and Xiong). It has been implicated through in vivo and in vitro studies that heregulin-beta 1/ErbB signaling is crucial for multiple aspects of cardiovascular development and protects the heart from ischemic injury (Odiete <i>et al.</i>). Heregulin-beta 1 also promotes invasiveness and metastasis of breast cancer cells (Hutcheson <i>et al.</i>). It has also been shown that heregulin-beta 1 has a role in the growth and maintenance of human embryonic stem cells (Wang <i>et al.</i>).

Catalog Number: STMC78071

UOM: 1 * 10 µG

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

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Description: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is also known as basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1(BFGFR1), FMS-like tyrosine kinase, CD331, and is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose ligands are specific members of the fibroblast growth factor family. This protein is one of several fibroblast growth factor receptors, which are related proteins that are involved in important processes such as cell division, regulation of cell growth and maturation, formation of blood vessels, wound healing, and embryonic development.The FGFR1 protein spans the cell membrane, so that one end of the protein remains inside the cell and the other end projects from the outer surface of the cell. This positioning allows the FGFR1 protein to interact with specific growth factors outside the cell and to receive signals that help the cell respond to its environment. When growth factors attach to the FGFR1 protein, the receptor triggers a cascade of chemical reactions inside the cell that instruct the cell to undergo certain changes, such as maturing to take on specialized functions. The FGFR1 protein is thought to play an important role in the development of the nervous system. This protein may also help regulate the growth of long bones, such as the large bones in the arms and legs.

Catalog Number: PRSI96-313

UOM: 1 * 200 µG

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

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Description: RHAMM Antibody: The hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor, also known as RHAMM, was initially identified as a soluble protein that could be released by sub-confluent migrating cells, promoting cell motility and invasion via interactions with hyaluronan (HA) and the cell surface. While RHAMM is normally poorly expressed in most normal tissues and is not required for embryonic development or normal cell homeostasis functions, its expression is increased during wound repair in response to hypoxia and fibrogenic factors. However, its overexpression is transforming in multiple types of cancers and is required for maintaining RAS transformation. RHAMM associates with BRCA1 and BARD1, attenuating the mitotic-spindle-promoting activity of RHAMM, which may contribute to tumor progression by promoting genomic instability.

Catalog Number: PRSI6189

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

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