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Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine from the IL-1 family. It binds to ST2 receptor and activates NF-κB and MAPK pathways. IL-33 is expressed by epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts in various tissues and organs, as well as resting basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, natural helper cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, and activated macrophages (Schmitz <i>et al.</i>; Yasuda <i>et al.</i>). It contributes to allergic inflammation by stimulating production of the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and stimulates host defense against microbial and viral infections (Liew; Yasuda <i>et al.</i>). In the central nervous system, IL-33 is produced by endothelial cells and astrocytes. It induces proliferation of microglia and mediates production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Yasuoka <i>et al.</i>).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Rat monoclonal IgG2a antibody against mouse, toad CD8a, FITC-conjugated.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) is a polypeptide that belongs to the family of insulin-like growth factors that are similar in molecular structure to proinsulin. IGF-I binds to the IGF-I receptor and is a potent activator of the PI3K/AKT pathway and also activates ERK1/2 signaling. IGF-I is required for embryonic development, and it is produced mainly in the liver in response to a hepatocyte growth hormone. In the absence of insulin, IGF-I is necessary for the maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells (Wang <i>et al.</i>). Together with IL-3, IGF-I stimulates differentiation and proliferation of myeloid cells and has been shown to regulate lymphopoiesis by stimulating proliferation and differentiation of T and B cells in lymphoid organs (Heemskerk <i>et al.</i>).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Rat monoclonal IgG2a antibody against human, mouse, cat CD45R (B220).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Rat monoclonal IgG2b antibody against mouse CD117 (c-Kit), FITC-conjugated.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Hamster (Armenian) monoclonal IgG antibody against mouse CD11c, biotin-conjugated.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Rat monoclonal IgG2b antibody against human, mouse, rhesus CD11b, biotin-conjugated.

Catalog Number: (STMC60032BT)

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Rat monoclonal IgG2a antibody against mouse Sca1 (Ly-6A/E), biotin-conjugated.

UOM: 1 * 500 µG

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Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Hamster (Armenian) monoclonal IgG antibody against mouse CD11c, FITC-conjugated.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Rat monoclonal IgG2b antibody against mouse CD45, unconjugated.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Hamster (Armenian) monoclonal IgG1 antibody against mouse CD3e, FITC-conjugated.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Rat monoclonal IgG2b antibody against mouse CD24, FITC-conjugated.

Catalog Number: (STMC60108)

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Mouse monoclonal IgG2a, kappa isotype control antibody, unconjugated.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF-18) is a growth factor and member of the FGF subfamily. FGF-18 is most similar to FGF-8 and FGF-17, and is secreted in adult lung and developing tissues (Ohbayashi <i>et al.</i>). FGF-18 signals through FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) to regulate proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production of articular and growth plate chondrocytes <i>in vivo</i> and in vitro (Davidson <i>et al.</i>). FGF-18 has skeletal functions and protects articular cartilage by gene expression profiling and regulates proliferation and differentiation of midline cerebellar structures (Mori <i>et al.</i>). Also, recombinant human FGF-18 has been shown to effectively regulate hair growth (Song <i>et al.</i>).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a dimeric glycoprotein consisting of two disulfide bridge stabilized polypeptide chains, A and B, which are assembled as heterodimers (PDGF-AB) or homodimers (PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB) (Fretto <i>et al.</i>; Westermark and Heldin). PDGF signals through the receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFRalpha and PDGFRbeta. It has been shown that PDGF-induced migration involves signaling pathways involving MEK/ERK, EGFR, Src and PI3K/AKT (Kim <i>et al.</i>). PDGF is a potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin- like fibroblasts, glial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. PDGF has been implicated in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, cancer, and in the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells of rat aortic tissues (Fretto <i>et al.</i>; Sachinidis <i>et al.</i>). PDGF-BB is secreted by osteoblasts to induce mesenchymal stem cell migration and angiogenesis. It has also been shown that PDGF-BB is secreted by preosteoclasts during bone modeling and remodeling to induce angiogenesis and thus proper osteogenesis (Xie <i>et al.</i>).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Interleukin 9 (IL-9) has pleiotropic functions in the immune system and signals through its specific IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) (Renauld <i>et al.</i>). IL-9/IL-9R signaling pathway mainly targets the downstream activation of JAK/STAT (janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) and subsequent phosphorylation cascades initiated by multiple kinases including IRS–PI3K–PKB (insulin receptor substrate, phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinases, protein kinase-B) and ERK (Knoops and Renauld; Fontaine <i>et al.</i>). IL-9 has been shown to have a role in Th1/Th17-mediated inflammation and in regulatory T cell responses (Singh <i>et al.</i>; Goswami and Kaplan). IL-9/IL-9R signaling pathway represents a novel endogenous anti-apoptotic mechanism for cortical neurons (Fontaine <i>et al.</i>). IL-9 secreting T cells, termed Th9 cells, contribute to both effective immunity and immunopathological disease, and have been shown to have a role in the treatment of allergic and autoimmune disease (Kaplan <i>et al.</i>).